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IS 1079 : 1994
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( Reaffirmed 1998 )
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(~i~-strn) Indian Standard HOT ROLLEDCARBONSTEELSHEETS
AND
STRIPS- SPECIFICATION ( Fifth Revision,1 First Reprint MAY 1995
@ BIS 1994
BUREAU MANAK
OF’ BHAVAN,
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW DELHI 110002
ZAFAR
MARG
Price Group 3
Wrought
Steel Products
Sectional Committee,
MTD 4
FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft -finalized by the Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This
standard
was first published in 1958 and subsequently revised in 1962, 1968, 1973 and 1988. this standard in the light of experience gained during these years, the Committee decided to revise it to align with the present practices being followed by the Indian Industry.
While
reviewing
In this revision, the following
changes have been made:
i) Only Grades 0, D, DD and EDD of hot rolled carbon steel sheets and strips have beeD retained. The other three grades, that is Gr,ades Fe 330, Fe 410 and Fe 590 have been deleted which are now covered in IS 5986 : 1992 ‘Hot rolled steel plates, sheets, strips and flats for flanging and forming operation’. ii) Tensile properties
have been modified.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standardis complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The numbcrof significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specific& value in this standard.
IS 1079 : s994
_
Indian Standard
HOT ROLLED CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS - SPECIFICATION ( Fifth Revision) .I SCOPE This standard covers the requirements for hot rolled carbon steel sheets including pack rolled sheets and strips intended for cold forming, drawing and general engineering purposes. 2 REFRRENCES
steel sheet and strip designated as follows: - Ordinary quality - intended for a) G general fabrication purposes where sheets or strips are used in the flat or for bending, moduwelding rate forming and ouerations c - Drawing qualiiy 1 $,$$i$J~f 1 wh’ere drawc) DD - Deep drawing quality ing, severe forming and d) EDD - Extra deep wel, ing arc drawing quality ioyodIved
b) D
The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard: IS No.
Title
228
h4;;;Wey for chemical analysis
1599 : 1985
Method for bend test ’ ( second revisioo )
1608 : 1972
Method for tensile testing of steel products (jirst rev&ion )
1663 : 1972
Method for tensile testing of steel sheet and strip of thickness 0’5 mm to 3 mm (first rcvlsion )
1730 : 1989
Dimensions for &eel plates, sheets, strips and flats for general enginqeriug purposes ( secsnd revision ) Rolling and cutting tolerances for hot rolled steel products
1852 : 1985 8910 : 1978
delivery General technical requirements for steel and steel products
‘IO175: 1982
Method for modified ericbsen cupping test for metallic sheet and strip
S MANUFACTURE 5.1 Steel shall be manufactured by any process
of steel making manufacturer.
at
the discretion
of the
5.2 Steel sheets and strips shall be supplied in the rimmed semi-killed or killed condition as agreed to between the purchaser and,the manufacturer. However, EDD grade shallbe supplied in killed condition only. 6 CHEMICAtiCOilPOSITIN
Ladle analysis oPtbe ‘iiterial
when carried out either by the method specified in the~relevant part of IS 228 or any other established instrumental/chemical method, shall be as given in Table 1: In case of dispute, the procedure given in the relevant part of IS 22g shall be the referee method.
3 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL
6.2 3Prodact Aaolysio
3.1 General requirements relating to the supply of bot rolled carbon steel sheets and strips shall conformto IS 8910 : 1978.
Permissible variations in case of product analysis from the limits specified in Table 1 shall be as given in Table 2.
3.2 Hot rolled carbon steel sheets and strips shall be ~supplied either with mill edges or flattened and sheared edges. In case of strips in coil form, width above 1 500 mm may be supplied with mill edges only. Strips of width below 1 500 mm may be supplied either with mill or sheared edges. -4 GRADES There
7 TENSILE TEST 7.1 Nambcr of Tensile Tests One tensile test shall be taken from each lot of 50 t of material or a part thereof from each cast. However, in case of material supplied after heat treatment, one tensile test shall be conducted. for each heat treatment batch or a, lot of 50 t whichever is less.
.
shall be 4 grades of hot rolled carbon 1
’
Is 1079 : 1994
7.1.1 Where sheet :rnd strip of more than one. thickness are rolled from the same cast, one additional tensile test shall be made for each thickness of sheet and strip.
Table 1 Chemical Composition ( Clause 6.1 ) Coostitueot Percent, lMux h_-____----T r-------.--‘ Carbon Manganese Sulpbur Phosphorus
Grade
(1)
(21
(31
0
0.15
0.60
(4) 0.055
(5) 0.055 0.040
D
0.12
0.50
0.040
DD EDD
o-10 O-08
0.40
0,035
0.035
0.40
0.030
0.030
NOTES
1 Steels
of these grades can be supplied with the addition of micro-alloying elements lrke boron, niobium and vanadium. The micro titanium. alloying elements shall not exceed 0.006 percent in case of boron and 0.20 percent in caaer,of other elements. 2 The nitrogen content of the more than O-007 percent. For or silicon-aluminium killed, the shall not exceed Q”O12 percent. ensured by the manufacturer by analysis. 3 Grade EDD shall be supplied killed condition only.
steel shall not be aluminium killed nitrogen content This has to be occasional check in fully alurAnium
4 ,When the steel is aluminium killed, the total aluminium content shall nqt be less than 0.02 percent. When the steel is silicon killed, the silicon content shall not beJess than 0.1 percent. When the &eel is al&inium silicon killed, the silicon content shall not be less than 0.03 percent and total aiuminium content shall not be lens than 0.01 percent. 5 When copper bearing steel is required the copper contknt shall be between 0.20 and 0.35 percent. In case of product analysis. the copper content shall be between O-17 and 0.38 percent. 6 For pack rolled sheets of grade 0. the phosphorus content can be relaxed up to 0.09 percent by mutual agreement between the purchas(er and the supplier. 7 Restricted chemistry for EDD grade may be mutually agreed to betwceu the purchaser and the supplier.
Table 2 Permissible Variations for Product Analysis ( Cluusc 6.2 ) Cooatiteeot
Pereeatage Limit of Coastitoeot
Variations Over Specitled Limf&r;ceot,
(‘1 Carbon
(2) Up to 0.23
Manganese
up to 0.50
0.03
Above @50
0.04
(3) 0.02
Sulphur Phosphorus NOTE - Product to rimming steel.
shall
not
7.2 Tensile Test Pieces Tensile test pieces shall normally be cut transverse to the direction of rolling. Longitudinal test pieces ma:’ be cut in the case of strips having width less than 150 mm. 7.3 When tested in accordance with IS 1663 : 1972 or 1s 16C8 : 1972 as applicable, the tensile strength, yield stress and percentage elongation shall
be as given
in Table
3.
Table 3 Ten?. “*IProperties ( C“iazr, Grade
(1) 0
Tensile Strength, MPa
-.3 )
Yield Strew. win IIlPa
{L? -
Percent Elongation at thnge Length 5 65 t/So, Min
(3) -
(4 ‘r __
D
24Q~400
DD
260-.&O
-
2:3
EDD
260-380
-
‘2
2s
7.3.1 Should a test piece break outside the middle half of its gauge length and the percentage elongation obtained is less than that specified, the test may bb* discarded at rhe option of the manufacturer a,ai! anotti:r lest made from the sample selected representing the same cast and batch. 8 BEND T$ST 8.1 Nomber of Bend Tests 0ne bend test shall be taken irom each lot of 50 t of material or a part ahere0f fkJXtl each cast. However, in the case of material supplied after heat-treatment, one bend test shall be conducted for each heat-treated batch or a lot of 50 t, whichever is less.
8.1.1 When material is supplied in coils, one bend test shall be conducted from either en& of the coil. 8.1.2 When sheet and strip of more than one. thickness are rolled from the same cast, oneadditional bend test shall be made for each. thickness of sheet and strip. 8.2 Bend test shall be carried out in accordance: with IS .I599 : 1985.
0’005 0905 analysis
)
be applicable
2
8.2.1 Bend test piece shall be cut so that the axis of the bend is parallel to the direction of rolling, that is, the longer axis of the test piece shall be at 90” to the direction of rolling.
ks 1079 : 1994 10.4 The test piece shall be bent cold through 90” over a radius equal to one and a half times the thickness, about an axis at right angles to the length of the ‘test piece. The&the piece shall be heated at 100°C for 1 h ( or at 325 to 350°C for 15 min ) and the sample cooled. The test piece shall be flattened by hammer and the piece shall not develop crack near the bend.
8.2.2 The test piece shall bc bend cold through 180”. The internal diametei of the bend for different: grades of material shall be as given in Table 4. The test pieces shall be deemed to have passed the test if the outer convex surface is free from cracks after complete bending. Tjble 4 Internal Diameter of Bend ( C:lause 8.2.2 > Internel
Grade
11 RETEST
Diameterof Bead
0
2t
D
t Close
DD EDD
Should any one of the tests pieces, first s&cted, fail to pass any of the tests specified in thisstandard, two further samples shall be selected from the same lot for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test sample shall be deemed to comply with the requirement of that patticular fesf. Should the test pieces from either of these additional samples fail, the material represented by the test sample shall be deerned as not conforming to this standard.
Closa
Where t is the
thickness of test piece.
8.2.2.1 IL is sometimes difficult to ensure that the material is accurately following the radius. In case of dispute., the test piece may be pushed into a block of lead by a former of appropriate diameter. 9 CUPPING
112 FREEDOM
TEST
DEFECTS
12.1 The finished material in cut lengths shall be free from harmful defects which will affect the end use. When the material is supplied in the form of coils, the degree or amount of surface defects are expected to be more than in cut length sheets since the inspection of coils does not afford the same opportunity to reject the portion containing defects as with cut length. However, an excessive number of defects may be a cause for rejection. The standards for acceptance in such caqe can be agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.
9‘1 Cupping test
as specified in IS 10175 : 1982 may be carried out only for sheets and strips of D, DD and EDD grades having thickness from 0’5 mm u:? to 2 mm, if agreed to between the purchase: and the supplier. 9.2 The cupping test values shall be agreed upon between :hc purchaser and the supplier. 10 SIP’ItAIN AGEING
FROM
TEST
10.1 The best is to be carried out on grades where steel is supplied with non-ageing This shall be agreed to prilperties/8uarantre. between the purchaser and the supplier.
12.2 Steel sheets supplied shall be free from coil breaks and waviness in accordance with the purchaser’s requirements. 12.3 Edges may be mill edges or slit edges as. agreed to between the supplier and purchaser. Wh en mill edges are specified, the depth of the defects shall be within 5 mm from the edge of the coils on’ both sides.
The sanlgfle sbaU tte selected in such a way that the axis of bend ir parallel to the direction Of firlal rolling. Tn case of material too narrow to kwrmit this, the axis of bend shall be of 90” to the direction of rolling.
13 DIMENSIONS
10.3 Size of
test piece shall be as follows: size Tilickness 75 mm long and 25 mm Below 3 mm wide 3 mm and above 75 mm lon;.;end 40 mm
AND TOLERANCES
13.1 Dimensions of steel sheet and strip shalC ;;;;prm to the dimension specified in IS 1730 :. 13.2 Tolerances on length, width, thickness a,nd mass of the steel sheet and strip shall conform to the limits specified in IS 1852 : 1985.
For smaller sizes, the maximum obtainable width shall be taken.
13.3 The edge camber that is, lateral departure of the edge of the material from a straight line forming a chord ( see Fig., 1.) of hot rolled steei shpts, including descaled sheets, in cut lengths
The edges of the test pieces shall be rounded or smoothed longitudinally to an approximate semicircle. 3
QS 1079 : 1994 .and coil shall not exceed the tolerances given below: Form Camber Tolerance ( Max ) ’ Cut length 0’5 percent x length ’ Coil 25 mm in any 5 000 mm length NOTE -Camber is the greatest deviation of a$ side edge from a straight line. the measurement being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. CAMBER
r
r
SIDE EDGE KANC AVE SIDE )
Table 6 Special Flatness Tolerances for Hot Rolled Steel Sheet ( Including Descaled Sheet ), Rolled Levclled Standard Cot Lengths ( Clause 13.4) All dimensions
in millimetres.
~~Thickness
Width
Length
up to 2
IJJ$o 1200 Above 1 200
Upto 2500 Above 2 5Go
9 15
Above 2
up to 1 200 Above 1 200
Upto Above
8 13
Flatness Tolerance
2500 2 500
Table 7 Special Flatness Tolerances for Ho4 Rolled Sheets ( Incloding Descaled Sheet ), Stretcher Lerelled Standard Cat Length ( Clause 13.4 ) All dimensions
in millimetres.
. Tbieknesr Upto
Fro. 1 EDae CAMBER 13.4 Flatness Tolerances When the sheets are required to be cupplied in the flattened condition either by roller or stretcher, levelling the permissible maximum flatness ( see Fig. 2 ) shall be as given in Tables 5 to 7. NOTE - Maximum deviation from a flat horizontal surface with the sheet lying under its own mass with the concave side uppermost on a flat surface, the maximum distance between the lower surface of the sheet an the flat horIzoata1 surface is the maximum ddeviation from flatness.
2
Above 2
Width
Length
Upto Above 1 200
%o%
Upto Abova
Upto 2500 Above 2 500
1200 1 200
Flatness Tolerance
223:
5 8 .3 6
NOTE - These tolerances are applicable for sheets up to 5 metres in length. For sheets supplied in greater lengths, the tolerances: shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and tb e manufacturer.
13.5 Oot-of-square
Tolerances
The out-of-square tolerance fof, sheets ‘of all gauges and all sizes shall be 1’0 percent of width ( see Fig. 3). NOTE - Out-of-square is the greaiffst deviation of an edge ~from a straight line drawn at a right angle to the other edge of the sheet; touching one .corner and extending the opposite edgy.
F=H
Fgo. 2 FLATNESS TOLERANCE
Table 5 Standard Flatness Tolerances for Hot .Rolled Steel Sheet ~(Including Descaled Sheet ) Cot Lengths
OUT OF SOUARE=
( Clause 13.4 ) All dimensions Thickness Upto
Above 2
in millimetres.
Width
Flatness Tolerance
Upto Above 1 200 up to 1 500 Above l500
18 25 30
Upto 1200 Above 1 200 up to 1500 Above 1 500_ ._
15 20 25
4J
* x 100.I.
FIG. 3 MEASURl3M~NT
14 CALCULATION
OF WEIGHT
The mass of the material shall be calculated the basis that steel weighs 7’85 g/cma. 4
,
OF OUT-OPdQUARENESS
on
IS 1079: 1994
15 DELIVERY 15.1 The material may he supplied in any one ( or, in combinaticn ) of the following conditions subject to mutual agreement between the supplier and the purchaser: a) Hot rolled, b) Annealed, c) Normalized,
16.2 Standard
and
Marking
The material may also be marked with Standard Mark.
d) Descaled. 15.2 Subject to prior agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a suitable protective treatment may be given to the material. 16 MARKING 16.1 Sheets shall be supplied
strips either in bundles or coils. The mass of the bundle or coil shall not exceed 12’5 tonnes. Each, bundle or coil shall carry a metal tag bearing the cast number and the manufacturer’s name or trade-mark. Alterratively, the top sheet or strips in each bundle shall be legibly marked with the cast number, name of the manufacturer or trade-mark.
in bundles, and
16.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986, and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Stundur& Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of gcads and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of the&e publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possessiosi of the-latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. MTD 4 ( 3933 1
Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No.
-._
Date of Issue
Text Affected
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Regional OfCices : Central
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Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARTDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed
at Pintograph,
-
New Delhi (INDIA).
AMENDMENT NO. 1 JUNE 1996 TO IS 1079 : 1994 HOT ROLLED CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS - SPECIFICATION (Fifrh Revision) ( Page 1, clause 2 ): a)
Substitute ‘1608 : 1995 Mechanical testing of metals-Tensile testing ( second revision )’ jar ‘1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel products ( firsr revision ) ’ .
b)
Delete ‘1663 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel sheet and strip of thickness 0.5 mm to 3 mm (first revision )‘.
c)
Substitute ‘10175 ( Part 1 ) : 1993 Mechanical testing of metals Modified erichsen cupping test - Sheet and strip: Part 1 Thickness up to 2 mm ( first revision )’ for ‘10175 : 1982 Method for modified erichsen cupping test for metallic sheet and strip’.
(Page 2, clause 7.3, lines 1 and 2) - Substitute ‘IS 1608 : 1995’ for ‘IS 1663 : 1972 or IS 1608 : 1972 as applicable’.
( Page 3, clause 9.1, Iine 1) ‘IS 10175 : 1982’. (Page 5, clause 16.1, line 3 ) -
Substitute ‘IS 10175 ( Part 1) : 1993’jor Delete the words ‘or coil’.
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
AMENDMENT NO. 2 OmOBER 1997 TO IS 1079 : 1994 HOT ROLLED CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS - SPECIFICATION ( FiJrhRevision) ( Page 3, clause 13.1, line 1 ) -
Insert at the beginning ‘Unless agreed
Otkpwise,‘.
Printed at Printograph, New Delhi-5 (INDIA)
AMENDMENT NO. 3 APRIL 2002 TO IS 1079:1994 HOT ROLLED CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS — SPECIFICATION ( Fifih Reviswn )
(Page1, clause 7.1)— Substitute the following for the existing ‘7.1 Number of Tensile Tests Number of samples to be tested from a cast/heat shall be as follows: a) for castheat size up to 100 tonnes — 2 samples, b) for cast size between 100-200 tonnes — 3 samples, and c) for cast size over 200 tonnes — 4 samples. However, in case of material supplied after heat treatrnen~ one tensile test shall be conducted for each heat treatment batch or a lot of 50 tonnes, whichever is less.’
(MTD4)
ReprographyUnit BIS, New Delhi, India
AMENDMENT
NO.
4 NOVEMBER 2002 TO IS 1079:1994 HOT ROLLED CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS — SPECIFICATION ( F#th Reviswn ) ( Foreword)
– Insert the following before last para
‘For all the tests specified in this standard (chemical/physical/others), the method as specified in relevant 1S0 standard may also be followed as an alternate method.’
(MTD4) Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

<ul><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>mmWI Rmm-ma-mwa=ml-am</p><p>( dm?7pi%?w)</p><p>Indian StandardMETALLIC MATERIALS TENSILE TESTING AT</p><p>AMBlENT TEMPERATURE( Third Revision)</p><p>Ics 77.040.10</p><p>@ BIS 2005</p><p>BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG</p><p>NEW DELHI 110002</p><p>h&amp;iy 2005 Price Group 13</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>Mechanical Testing of Metals Sectional Committee, MTD 3</p><p>NATIONAL FOREWORD</p><p>This Indian Standard ( Third Revision ) which is identical with ISO 6892:1998 Metallic materials Tensile testing at ambient temperature issued by the International Organization for Standardization( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendations of the MechanicalTesting of Metals Sectional Committee and approval of the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council.</p><p>This Indian Standard was originallypublishedin 1960 and subsequently revised in 1972 and 1995. Thisrevision of the standard has been taken up to align it with ISO 6892 : 1998 by adoption under dualnumbering system. I</p><p>The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standardwithout deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used inIndian Standard. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:</p><p>I</p><p>.!&gt;</p><p>a) Wherever the words International Standard appear, referring to this standard, they should be ):as read as Indian Standard. &amp;</p><p>b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.</p><p>In this adopted standard, referenceappears to certain InternationalStandardsfor which Indian Standardsalso exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their ~laces are listedbelow along with their degree-of equivalence for the editions indicated:</p><p>International Standard</p><p>ISO 286-2: 1988 ISO system oflimits and fits Part 2: Tables ofstandard tolerance grades and limitdeviations for holes and shafts</p><p>1s0 377 : 1997 Steel and steelproducts Locationand preparationof samples and test pieces formechanical testing</p><p>ISO 2566-1 : 1984 Steel Conversion of elongation values Part 1 : Carbon and low alloy steels</p><p>ISO 2566-2 : 1984 Steel Conversion of elongation values Part 2: Austenitic steels</p><p>1s0 7500-1 : 19861) Metallicmaterials Verification ofstatic uniaxial testing machines Part 1 :Tensile testing machines</p><p>Corresponding Indian Standard</p><p>IS 919 ( Part 2 ) :1993 ISO systemsof limits and fits: Part 2 Tables ofstandard tolerance grades and limitdeviations for holes and shafts( first revision)IS 3711 : 1990 Wrought steel Selectionand preparationof samplesand test pieces for mechanical test( first revision)IS 3803 ( Part 1 ) :1989 Steel Conversion of elongation values:Part 1 Carbon and low alloys steels( second revision)IS 3803 ( Part 2 ) :1989 Steel Conversion of elongation values:Part 2 Austenitic steels ( secondrevision )IS 1828 ( Part 1 ) :1991 Metallicmaterials Verification of staticuniaxial testing machines: Part 1Tensile testing machines ( secondrevision )</p><p>Degree of EquivalenceIdentical</p><p>Technicallyequivalent</p><p>Identical</p><p>do</p><p>do</p><p>1) sin~~ ~~vis~d in 2004.</p><p>( Cor)tinuedon thirdcover)</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>Indian StandardMETALLIC MATERIALS TENSILE TESTING AT</p><p>AMBlENT TEMPERATURE( Third Revision)</p><p>1 Scope</p><p>This International Standard specifies the method for tensile testing of metallic materials and defines themechanical properties which can be determined at ambient temperature.</p><p>2 Normative references</p><p>The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.</p><p>ISO 286-2:1988, ISO system of limits and fits Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limitdeviations for holes and shafts.</p><p>ISO 377:1997, Steel and steel products Location and preparation of samples and test pieces formechanical testing.</p><p>ISO 2566-1:1984, Steel Conversion of elongation values Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels.</p><p>ISO 2566-2:1984, Steel Conversion of elongation values Pad 2: Austenitic steels.</p><p>ISO 7500-1:1986, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Pafl 1: Tensiletesting machines.</p><p>ISO 9513:1), Metallic matefials Verification of extensometers used in uniaxial testing.</p><p>3 Principle</p><p>The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose ofdetermining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in clause 4.</p><p>The test is carried out at ambient temperature between 10 C and 35 C, unless otherwise specified.Tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23 C * 5 C.</p><p>1) To be published.(Revisionof ISO 9513:1989)</p><p>1</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>4 Definitions</p><p>For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.</p><p>4.1 gauge length (L): Length of the cylindrical or prismatic portion of the test piece on whichelongation shall be measured. In particular, a distinction is made between:</p><p>4.1.1 original gauge length (LO):Gauge length before application of force.</p><p>4.1.2 final gauge length (LU):Gauge length after rupture of the test piece (see 11.1).</p><p>4.2 parallel length (Q: Parallel portion of the reduced section of the test piece.NOTE The conceptof parallellengthis replacedby the conceptof distancebetween gripsfor non-machinedtest pieces.</p><p>4.3 elongation: Increase in the original gauge length (L.O)at any moment during the test.</p><p>4.4 percentage elongation: Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (LO).</p><p>4.4.1 percentage permanent elongation: Increase in the original gauge length of a test piece afterremoval of a specified stress (see 4.9), expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (LO).</p><p>4.4.2 percentage elongation after fracture (A): Permanent elongation of the gauge length afterfracture (L.U L.O),expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (LO).</p><p>In the case of proportional test pieces, only if the original gauge length is other than 5,65&amp;z) where SOis the original cross-sectional area of the parallel length, the symbol A shall be supplemented by anindex indicating the coefficient of proportionality used, for example:</p><p>A1l,~ = percentage elongation of a gauge length (LO)of 11,3 ~.</p><p>In the case of non-proportional test pieces, the symbol A shall be supplemented by an index indicatingthe original gauge length used, expressed in millimetres, for example:</p><p>A so mm = percentage elongation of a gauge length (LO)of 80 mm.</p><p>4.4.3 percentage total elongation at fracture (AJ: Total elongation (elastic elongation plus plasticelongation) of the gauge length at the moment of fracture expressed as a percentage of the originalgauge length (LO).</p><p>2</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>4.4.4 percentage elongation at maximum force: Increase in the gauge length of the test piece atmaximum force, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (LO).A distinction is madebetween the percentage total elongation at maximum force (AJ and the percentage non-proportionalelongation at maximum force (AJ (see figure 1).</p><p>4.5 extensometer gauge length (Q: Length of the parallel portion of the test piece used for themeasurement of extension by means of an extensometer.</p><p>It is recommended that for measurement of yield and proof strength parameter Le &gt; LJ2.</p><p>It is further recommended that for measurement of parameters at or after maximum force, Le beapproximately equal to LO.</p><p>4.6 extension: Increase in the extensometer gauge length (Le) at a given moment of the test.</p><p>4.6.1 percentage permanent extension: Increase in the extensometer gauge length, after removal ofa specified stress from the test piece, expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length(%).</p><p>4.6.2 percentage yield point extension (Ae): In discontinuous yielding materials, the extensionbetween the start of yielding and the start of uniform work hardening. It is expressed as a percentage ofthe extensometer gauge length (Le).</p><p>4.7 percentage reduction of area (2): Maximum change in cross-sectional area (SO- Su),which hasoccurred during the test expressed as a percentage of the orignal cross-sectional area (S.).</p><p>4.8 maximum force (FJ: The greatest force which the test piece withstands during the test once theyield point has been passed.</p><p>For materials, without yield point, it is the maximum value during the test.</p><p>4.9 stress: At any moment during the test, force divided by the original cross-sectional area (S.) of thetest piece.</p><p>4.9.1 tensile strength (RJ: Stress corresponding to the maximum force (FJ.</p><p>4.9.2 yield strength: When the metallic material exhibits a yield phenomenon, a point is reached duringthe test at which plastic deformation occurs without any increase in the force. A distinction is madebetween:</p><p>4.9.2.1 upper yield strength (R~H): Value of stress at the moment when the first decrease in force isobserved (see figure 2).</p><p>3,</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>4.9.2.2 lower yield stren@h (R~~):Lowest value ofstress dutingplastic yielding, ignoti~ anyinitialtransient effects (see figure 2).</p><p>4.9.3 proof strength, non-proportional extension (l?P):Stress at which a non-proportional extensionis equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (LJ (see figure 3). The symbolused is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage, for example: RW,2.</p><p>4.9.4 proof strength, total extension (RJ: Stress at which total extension (elastic extension plusplastic extension) is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (LJ (see figure4). The symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage for example: Rto,5.</p><p>4.9.5 permanent set strength (RJ: Stress at which, after removal of force, a specified permanentelongation or extension expressed respectively as a percentage of the original gauge length (LO)orextensometer gauge length (Le)has not been exceeded (see figure 5).</p><p>The symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the specified percentage of the original gauge length (LO)or of the extensometer gauge length (Q, for example: Rro,2.</p><p>$</p><p>-{</p><p>5 Symbols and designations</p><p>Symbols and corresponding designations are given in table 1.</p><p>6 Test piece</p><p>6.1 Shape and dimensions</p><p>6.1.1 General</p><p>The shape and dimensions of the test pieces depend on the shape and dimensions of the metallicproduct from which the test pieces are taken.</p><p>The test piece is usually obtained by machining a sample from the product or a pressed blank orcasting. However products of constant cross-section (sections, bars, wires, etc.) and also as-cast testpieces (i.e. cast irons and non-ferrous alloys) may be tested without being machined.The cross-section of the test pieces maybe circular, square, rectangular, annular or, in special cases, of -some other shape.</p><p>Test pieces, the original gauge length of which is rq(ated to the original cross-sectional area by theequation LO= k,&amp; are called proportional test pieces. The internationally adopted value for k is 5,65.The original gauge length shall be not less than 20 mm. When the cross-sectional area of the test pieceis to6 small for this requirement to be met with the coefficient value of 5,65, a higher value (preferably11,3) or a non-proportional test piece maybe used.</p><p>In the case of non-proportional test pieces, the original gauge length (LO)is taken independently of theoriginal cross-sectional area (S.).The dimensional tolerances of the test pieces shall be in accordance with the appropriate annexes(see 6.2).</p><p>4</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>Table 1 Symbols and designations</p><p>II</p><p>b</p><p>Referencenumber 1)</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>7</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>11</p><p>12</p><p>Symbol</p><p>~ 2)</p><p>b</p><p>d</p><p>D</p><p>LO</p><p>L.</p><p>LC</p><p>Le</p><p>L,</p><p>LU</p><p>LU</p><p>so</p><p>s</p><p>k</p><p>z</p><p>Unit</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm</p><p>mm2</p><p>mm2</p><p>%</p><p>Designation</p><p>rest piece</p><p>rhickness of a flat test piece or wall thickness of a tube</p><p>IVidthbf the parallel length of a flat test piece oriverage width of a longitudinal strip from a tube orvidth of flat wire</p><p>liameter of the parallel length of a circular test piece,)r diameter of round wire or internal diameter of a tube%ternal diameter of a tube</p><p>3riginal gauge length</p><p>nitial gauge length for determination of A~</p><p>~arallel length</p><p>Extensometer gauge length</p><p>Total length of test piece</p><p>Final gauge length</p><p>Final gauge length after fracture for determinationof A~ (see annex 1-l)Original cross-sectional area of the parallel length</p><p>Minimum cross-sectional area after fracture</p><p>Coefficient of proportionality</p><p>Percentage reduction of area:so - s ~ ,00</p><p>so</p><p>Gripped ends</p><p>5</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>..</p><p>1IS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>Table 1 (concluded)</p><p>Referencenumber 1) Symbol Unit Designation</p><p>Elongation</p><p>13 mm Elongation after fracture:Lu LO</p><p>14 A 3) 70 Percentage elongation after fracture:Lu-~xlOO</p><p>L</p><p>15 Ae 70 Percentage yield point extension</p><p> ALm mm Extension at maximum force</p><p>16 A~ % Percentage non-proportional elongation at maximumforce (F~)</p><p>17 A~t Yo Percentage total elongation at maximum force (F~)18 At Yo Percentage total elongation at fracture</p><p>19 Yo Specified percentage non-proportional extension</p><p>20 Yo Percentage total extension (see 28)21 70 Specified percentage permanent set extension or</p><p>elongation</p><p>Force</p><p>22 F~ N Maximum force</p><p>Yield strength Proof strength Tensile strength</p><p>23 ReH Nlmmz Upper yield strength4)24 ReL Nlmmz Lower yield strength</p><p>25 Rm Nlmmz Tensile strength</p><p>26 RP Nlmmz Proof strength, non-proportional extension</p><p>27 R, Nlmmz Permanent set strength</p><p>28 Rt Nlmmz Proof strength, total extension E Nlmmz Modulus of elasticity</p><p>1) See figures1 to 13.2) The symbolT is also used in steel tube productstandards.3) See 4.4.2.4) 1 N/mm2= 1 MPa</p><p>6</p><p>SUPPLIED</p><p> BY BO</p><p>OK</p><p> SUPPLY</p><p> BUREA</p><p>U TO</p><p> L&amp;T LIM</p><p>IED ECC D</p><p>IVISIO</p><p>N U</p><p>DY</p><p>OG</p><p> VIH</p><p>AR G</p><p>URG</p><p>AO</p><p>N FO</p><p>R INTERN</p><p>AL U</p><p>SE AT TH</p><p>IS LOCA</p><p>TION</p><p> ON</p><p>LY</p></li><li><p>IIS 1608:2005ISO 6892:1998</p><p>6.1.2 Machined test pieces</p><p>Machined test pieces shall inc...</p></li></ul>